CAC 2011

Cluster Algebras and Categorification

Info

Organizers : Andrew Carroll, Steven Sam, Salvatore Stella, Peter Tingley
Time: Thursday 6pm-7:30pm
Place: We will be alternating in between MIT and Neu.
Room @ MIT: 2-132 (MIT math department, building 2 on this map).
Room @ Neu: 265 Ryder Hall (RY): it is building 24 on this map.
Next meeting: Dec 8st @ NEU

News

10/03: Again a change of room at Northeastern (hopefully the last). We now are at 265 RY; same building different floor.
09/28: New room at Norteastern: 156 RY; same building same floor different room

Plan

The main idea behind this seminar is to introduce cluster algebras with a view towards understanding cluster categories and tilting theory. At the moment the plan is pretty flexible and it will be adapted to any input the audience will provide at the first meeting.

The first few lectures will be devoted to fixing a common background. Cluster algebras will be defined through working examples. Since the cluster category is constructed as a category of representations of a quiver algebra, we will also have some introductory lectures on quiver algebras and the related notions. Once the background has been established, we'll explore some other aspects of cluster algebras, perhaps including recent work on cluster algebras coming from surfaces, and Nakajima's work on quiver varieties

The cluster category is a beautiful example of a category with operations that mimic those in cluster algebras. Such relationships are a subject of much current interest, under the vague heading of "categorification." Depending on how the semester develops, we are planning to at some point transition to more general categorification topics, and specifically the categorification of quantum sl(2) given by Aaron Lauda.

Ideally talks should be given by students not familiar with the topics with the assistance of the organizer and fellow students more familiar with the subject. Therefore we strongly encourage to participate to the first seminar to volunteer and pick up a talk.

References

This is just a preliminary list of references: each speaker will be invited to provide more if needed.
On Auslander-Reiten theory:
Lidia Angeleri Hugel: An Introduction to Auslander-Reiten Theory
On cluster algebras:
Sergey Fomin, Andrei Zelevinsky: Cluster algebras IV: Coefficients
Bernhard Keller: Cluster algebras, quiver representations and triangulated categories
Ralf Shiffler: lecture notes

Some more advanced topics from wich to pick for the second part of the semester
On quiver varieties:
Victor Ginzburg: Lectures on Nakajima's Quiver Varieties
Hiraku Nakajima: Quiver varieties and cluster algebras
Categorification of quantum sl(2):
Aaron D. Lauda: A categorification of quantum sl(2)
Sabin Cautis, Joel Kamnitzer, Anthony Licata: Coherent sheaves and categorical sl(2) actions
More categorifications:
Anthony Licata, Alistair Savage: A survey of Heisenberg categorification via graphical calculus

Lecture notes

9/15 Andrew Carrol: An introduction to quivers and Auslander-Reiten theory
9/22 Peter Tingley: Canonical bases, dual canonical bases, and positivity
9/29 Nan Li: Introduction to cluster algebras
10/6 Gordana Todorov: Cluster categories
10/20 Leo Petrov: Totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices and characters of "big" groups
10/27 Barbara Bolognese: Cluster Algebras Arising from Surfaces
11/03 Steven Sam: Double Bruhat cells and total positivity
11/10 Jerzy Weyman: Clusters, Quivers, Pictures
11/17 Ryan Kinser: Preprojective algebras
12/1 Salvatore Stella: Preprojective algebras and cluster algebras
12/8 Vinoth NandaKumar: Cluster algebras and representations of quantum affine algebras

Calendar

9/15 @ NEU Andrew Carrol: An introduction to quivers and Auslander-Reiten theory

Quiver representation theory arose from the systematic study of a wide variety of linear algebra-type problems, and has grown into an interesting and fertile ground for studying. They have been used to solve the Deligne-Simpson problem in differential equations, prove conjectures in the realm of cluster algebras, and their study proves to yield beautiful combinatorics. This talk will be an introduction to quivers and their representations. I will point out some benchmarks in the development of the theory, and discuss Auslander-Reiten theory which is a strong tool for organizing the category of representations of a quiver.

9/22 @ MIT Peter Tingley: Canonical bases, dual canonical bases, and positivity

Fix a complex simple Lie group G and let g be its Lie algebra. I will give an introduction the canonical bases for U^-(g) (the lower triangular part of the universal enveloping algebra), and the dual canonical basis for the function algebra of N (the lower triangular unipotent subgroup of G). This will be done via Kashiwara's crystal bases, which I will also explain. I'll then discuss some positivity properties of these bases. The development of cluster algebras was largely motivated by this type of positivity. I will discuss all of this using the example sl(3), which should be accessible without much background. The structure in this case is perhaps over simplified, but there is enough visible to serve as motivation.

9/29 @ NEU Nan Li: Introduction to cluster algebras

Cluster algebra is a class of commutative ring, introduced in 2000 by Fomin and Zelevinsky, originally to study Lusztig's dual canonical basis and total positivity. After that, connections have been made to many other fields, including coordinate rings of Grassmannians, quiver representations, Teichmuller theory, invariant theory, tropical calculus, combinatorics, etc.
In this introduction, we will start from the example of pentagon recurrence. Then give the definition of cluster algebra and state the Laurent phenomenon and the positivity conjecture. We will then explain the example of triangulation of an n-gon (coordinate ring of G(2,n)). Finally,  the connection with quiver mutations will be mentioned. This introduction is based on Lauren Williams' 1st lecture in a summer shool on cluster algebras at MSRI this August.

10/6 @ NEU Gordana Todorov: Cluster categories

Cluster categories were introduced in order to give categorical interpretation to the combinatorics of the cluster algebras of Fomin and Zelevinsky.
To an acyclic quiver Q, and a field k, we associate path algebra kQ, which is hereditary, i.e. all modules have projective dimension at most 1. The derived category of bounded complexes is quite easy to describe in this case, and it is a triangulated category. The shift functor, composed with the Auslander- Reiten translation defines a triangulated functor, which has the property that the orbit category is also triangulated. The cluster category associated to the quiver Q is defined to be that orbit category.
Cluster tilting objects in the cluster category are defined to be objects with no selfextensions and with n indecomposable non-isomorphic summands, where n is the number of vertices in the quiver Q. Cluster tilting objects have the property that each indecomposable summand of a cluster tilting object can be replaced in exactly one way by another indecomposable object in such a way that a new cluster tilting object is obtained. This procedure is done using approximations in the cluster category.
At this point, I will recall the basic properties of cluster algebras and state the precise correspondence between the indecomposable rigid objects, cluster tilting objects, cluster tilting mutations on one side, and cluster variables, clusters and cluster mutations on the other side.
Throughout the lecture I will be using example of the quiver A4 to illustrate all the notions and correspondence with cluster algebras.

10/13 @ MIT Alejandro Morales: An overview of the packages for cluster algebras and quivers in SAGE

I will give a demo of the recent cluster and quiver packages written by Musiker and Stump for sage, a free open source mathematics software. We will build from the examples seen in Nan Li's talk, especially about the associahedron in different types. The main reference for this talk is the compendium of the packages by Musiker and Stump (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.4844v2).
The demo will be accessible to people with little or no experience in sage. See http://www.sagemath.org/ and http://wiki.sagemath.org/combinat  on how to install the software and http://www.math.umn.edu/~musiker/8680/SAGE-Cluster/ on how to install the package.

10/20 @ NEU Leo Petrov: Totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices and characters of "big" groups

I will try to explain the classification of totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices and its connections with the representation theory of "big" groups, namely, the infinite symmetric group and the infinite-dimensional unitary group. Take an irreducible character of the infinite-dimensional unitary group U(\infty) and restrict it to the finite-dimensional subgroup U(N). Then the restriction is a reducible character of U(N). Its decomposition into irreducibles is governed by minors of a suitable Toeplitz matrix. Thus the minors must be nonnegative. Moreover, it turns out that the whole classification of totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices (obtained by Shoenberg and Edrei around 1950) is equivalent to the classification of the irreducible characters of U(\infty) (which is independently due to Voiculescu, 1978). The triangular totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices correspond to characters of the infinite symmetric group, and their classification was obtained by Thoma in 1964 (also independently of works of Shoenberg and his followers).

10/27 @ MIT Barbara Bolognese: Cluster Algebras Arising from Surfaces

In the talk, I will give generalities about the triangulation of marked Riemann surfaces with boundary, explaining how this leads to the construction of certain cluster algebras and certain cluster categories. Then I will construct a formula which allows to prove the positivity conjecture from cluster algebras from surfaces and, eventually, I will explain how triangulations allow us to give a combinatorial characterization of the mapping class group.

11/3 @ NEU Steven Sam: Double Bruhat cells and total positivity

A matrix is totally positive if all of its minors are nonnegative. One can think of this as a "type A" definition, and Lusztig generalized the notion of total positivity to any semisimple Lie group. Of importance in this notion are the double Bruhat cells: intersections of two Bruhat decompositions corresponding to an opposed pair of Borel subgroups. These cells are birationally equivalent to affine space, and Fomin-Zelevinsky constructed functions which allow one to test total positivity, which generalizes the notion of minors. I'll explain this story and we will see some connections to exchange relations.

11/10 @ MIT Jerzy Weyman: Clusters, Quivers, Pictures

This will be an introduction to cluster tilted algebras and their connections to semi-invariants of quivers and general decompositions of quiver representations. I will also mentioned some open problems related to representations of quivers that are open even in finite representation type case.

11/17 @ Neu Ryan Kinser: Preprojective algebras

We will cover the background on preprojective algebras which is necessary to understand a future talk on Geiss, Leclerc, and Schroer's work relating preprojective algebras and cluster algebras.

11/24 Thanksgiving

12/1 @ MIT Salvatore Stella: Preprojective algebras and cluster algebras

Using the module category of preprojective algebras, Geiss, Leclerc and Schröer gave a categorification of a class of cluster algebras introduced by Berenstein, Fomin and Zelevinsky in relation with their works on total positivity in semisimple groups. This allowed them to prove that the cluster monomials of those algebras belong to the dual of Lusztig's semicanonical basis. We will give an overview of the general construction they give and provide some examples.

12/8 @ NEU Vinoth NandaKumar: Cluster algebras and representations of quantum affine algebras

I will give an overview of work by Hernandez and Leclerc which constructs a monoidal categorification of cluster algebras of finite type via a certain subcategory of representations of the quantum affine algebra. I will describe some of the basic theory of representation of quantum affine algebras (such as q-characters, and Drinfeldt polynomials), and show some of the ideas behind the proof of the conjecture in Type A by looking at some small examples in detail.
Last modified: Tuesday, 13-Dec-2011 15:15:27 EST